Physicist

What does a physicist do? – Tasks and work environment

Physicists study the fundamental properties of matter and energy, as well as the interaction between natural laws. Job tasks vary greatly depending on specialization and workplace; from theoretical research at universities and research institutes to applied physics in industry, medical technology, or engineering consulting firms. Many physicists are involved in experimental projects, data collection, advanced analysis, and mathematical modeling. Collaboration across disciplines is common, with teamwork being central. The work environment can be laboratory-based, office-based, or fieldwork, depending on the project and employer.

Salary development over time

The salary for physicists has steadily increased in recent years. In 2022, the average salary was 48,500 SEK per month, rising to 49700 SEK in 2023. In 2024, the average salary continues to rise and now stands at 51 500 SEK. This represents a total increase of approximately 6.2% over three years. Factors driving salary growth include increased demand for advanced technical skills, especially in applied research and development, and a generally high level of education among professional physicists. The job market values expertise in fields such as medical physics, energy, and materials technology, contributing to salary increases in line with technological advances and societal needs for qualified science professionals.

Physicist salary – complete overview

• Average salary: 51 500 SEK/month
• Lowest salary: 41,600 SEK/month (female, private sector worker, less than 3 years post-secondary education)
• Highest salary: 58,500 SEK/month (male, municipal sector, doctoral degree)
• Hourly wage: 310 SEK
• Women/men: Women earn 50 500 SEK, men 51 800 SEK (women earn 97% of men's salaries)
• Regional differences: No data available on regional salary differences for the profession

Education and qualifications

The path to becoming a physicist typically involves university studies in physics, often with a focus on theoretical or experimental physics. A master's degree is a standard requirement for most positions, while doctoral studies (PhD) are often necessary for research or advanced development roles. Besides formal degrees, analytical skills, problem-solving abilities, and experience in project work are highly valued.

• University degree: Bachelor's (3 years) followed by master's (2 years) in physics or related field
• Research education: Doctorate (PhD) required for research and university careers
• Internships: Projects and internships in research or industry are recommended
• Courses: Specialized courses in applied physics, programming, statistics, and mathematics are advantageous
• Prerequisites: Science-oriented upper secondary education with emphasis on mathematics and physics

Common benefits and compensations

Typical benefits for physicists include flexible working hours, remote work options, professional development through courses and conferences, as well as access to advanced equipment and research resources. Pension schemes, wellness allowances, and generous vacation policies are also common, especially in academia and the public sector.

Competition and challenges

Competition for attractive positions in physics varies by specialization and sector. Academic and research positions are often highly sought after and require both high formal qualifications and research credentials. In industry, there is a greater need for applied skills and project experience, opening opportunities for physicists with broad technical backgrounds. A challenge for many is translating theoretical knowledge into practical solutions and staying current in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. Limited availability of positions in certain specialized fields may require geographical mobility or competition from international candidates.

Tips for aspiring physicists

To succeed as a physicist, it is beneficial to have strong analytical skills and a genuine curiosity about how the universe works. Developing mathematical and problem-solving skills early on provides a solid foundation for higher studies. Engaging in internships or project work helps gain insight into practical applications of theory. Communication skills are important, especially when presenting research findings to both specialists and the public. Collaboration in interdisciplinary teams requires attentiveness and openness to new perspectives. Persistence and precision are crucial, as many projects have long time horizons. Finally, a passion for lifelong learning is essential, as the field of physics is constantly evolving and requires ongoing skill development.

Key facts about physicists

• Salary range: 41,600–58,500 SEK/month
• Education level: Master's degree, often PhD for research
• Job market: 143 job openings in Sweden (2024)
• Gender salary gap: Women earn 97% of men's salaries
• Typical work environment: Universities, research institutes, industry

Career paths and future prospects

After three to five years in the profession, many physicists develop specialized expertise and can advance to roles such as project manager, senior researcher, or development director, especially in industry or larger research projects. Academic career paths often lead to lectureships or postdoctoral positions. However, forecasts from the Employment Service do not provide precise predictions for the future outlook of physicists, as data is limited. The profession reports 143 available jobs, indicating some demand but also competition for qualified positions. Career development opportunities are good for those who are flexible, build networks, and continuously update their skills, particularly in interdisciplinary and technologically expanding fields.

Frequently asked questions about physicists

• What is the average salary of a physicist?
  - The average salary for a physicist is 51 500 SEK per month.
• What are the highest and lowest salaries for physicists?
  - The highest salary is 58,500 SEK and the lowest 41,600 SEK per month.
• What are the gender differences in physicist salaries?
  - Women earn 50 500 SEK, men 51 800; women earn 97% of men's salaries.
• What education is required to become a physicist?
  - A master's degree in physics is standard, often supplemented with doctoral studies for research positions.
• What does a physicist do in their work?
  - Physicists work with research, analysis, modeling, and application of physical principles across various industries.
• What is the job market like for physicists?
  - There are 143 job openings within the profession, but competition for attractive positions is significant.
• Are there regional salary differences for physicists?
  - Currently, there is no available information on regional salary differences for physicists.